HISTORY OF DIALYSIS - The first “artificial kidney” was made using hirudin from leeches, arterial cannulas, and celliodin tubes in 1913. - The first practical human hemodialysis machine was made in 1943 using cellophane tubing, casing, and a electric motor drum in dialysate. Blood was pulled into the casing and only wastes diffused through the tubing. - Scientists continued to work on the dialysis machine and are still improving and changing it today. HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY - In 1959, Richard Feynman explained that he was unaware of any scientific laws that suggested that manipulating matter atom by atom was impossible, inspiring the beginning of nanotechnology. - Over the last 50 years, there have been many developments in the nanotechnology field and it has been used to study many different subjects. -The field of nanotechnology continues to receive a lot of funding, and is sure to advance quickly in the future.
PRESENT TECH: HEMODIALYSIS - Hemodialyzers are used to remove waste and extra chemicals and fluid from the blood - To get the blood into the machine, there needs to be an access into the blood vessels in the arm or leg. Sometimes, an access is made by joining an artery to a vein under the skin to make a bigger blood vessel called a fistula -This is very time consuming and not convenient
PRESENT TECH: PERITONEAL DIALYSIS - In peritoneal dialysis, patients use a catheter to fill the inside of their abdomen with cleansing dialysis solution. Waste products and excess fluid can pass from the bloodstream into the dialysis solution. The excess fluid then is drained out in 30-40 minutes. - Infection is a common problem since bacteria can grow on the catheter and the process has to be done every day. - Peritoneal dialysis provides only about 10% of normal kidney function and does not reverse chronic kidney failure.